This essay applies the conceptual framework of the Critical Theory / Feminism — most prominently associated with Nancy Fraser — to re-read the Bosnia IGF 2019 Sarajevo conference. Target audience: researchers, doctoral students, policy analysts, and executives.
Introduction: The Problem
Fraser frames justice in three dimensions: economic redistribution, cultural recognition, and political representation. Bosnia IGF exemplifies this 3R justice theory.
This essay argues that the multistakeholder process of Bosnia IGF becomes intelligible in its specificity only through the concept of Three-dimensional justice (3R), and that the concept itself undergoes transformation under the new material of digital space. Describing this mutual transformation is the task of this essay.
Redressing misrepresentation
Bosnia and Herzegovina's participation also reconfigures the misframing of "representation" between Global South and Global North. Debate on AI entails a political choice between prioritizing redistribution or recognition.
Each session's agenda-setting can be read as a contemporary restaging of the Nancy Fraser-type problematic.
The national-level IGF (Bosnia IGF) is an attempt to redefine the modern category of the nation-state in the digital era.
Three dimensions of digital justice
Nancy Fraser's concepts are not confined to abstract philosophical discussion; they apply to the concrete agenda items debated at the 2019 conference. We examine that application below.
1. Application to "AI"
Discussion of "AI" can be positioned, from the perspective of Nancy Fraser's Three-dimensional justice (3R), as a central problematic. In Bosnia and Herzegovina's context, the three layers of regulatory design, social implementation, and citizen participation around AI are particularly at stake.
2. Application to "サイバー"
Discussion of "サイバー" can be positioned, from the perspective of Nancy Fraser's Three-dimensional justice (3R), as a derivative problematic. In Bosnia and Herzegovina's context, the three layers of regulatory design, social implementation, and citizen participation around サイバー are particularly at stake.
3. Application to "若者"
Discussion of "若者" can be positioned, from the perspective of Nancy Fraser's Three-dimensional justice (3R), as a peripheral yet important problematic. In Bosnia and Herzegovina's context, the three layers of regulatory design, social implementation, and citizen participation around 若者 are particularly at stake.
4. Application to "国内法整備"
Discussion of "国内法整備" can be positioned, from the perspective of Nancy Fraser's Three-dimensional justice (3R), as a peripheral yet important problematic. In Bosnia and Herzegovina's context, the three layers of regulatory design, social implementation, and citizen participation around 国内法整備 are particularly at stake.
5. Application to "政府＋民間協働"
Discussion of "政府＋民間協働" can be positioned, from the perspective of Nancy Fraser's Three-dimensional justice (3R), as a peripheral yet important problematic. In Bosnia and Herzegovina's context, the three layers of regulatory design, social implementation, and citizen participation around 政府＋民間協働 are particularly at stake.
Implications for Executives and Practitioners
The philosophical reflection of this essay is not merely academic. The Nancy Fraser perspective carries three practical implications for executives operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
First, it raises the reflexive question of how the firm's business model connects to the logic of Three-dimensional justice (3R). Second, in dialogue with regulators and civil society, it suggests dimensions of consensus formation that purely technical arguments cannot reach. Third, it indicates that the long-term ground of business legitimacy lies not so much in technical advantage or market share as in participation in such philosophical-normative debates.
Academic Positioning and Future Research
The argument of this essay attempts to graft a philosophical perspective onto the mainstream political-science and legal approaches to internet governance research. Three future research questions follow.
- Verification of the applicability of Nancy Fraser's framework to other IGF conferences
- Comparative contrast between Critical Theory / Feminism and other theoretical traditions
- Exploration of dialogue possibilities with the indigenous intellectual traditions of Bosnia and Herzegovina
In particular, the third point has the potential to liberate IGF research from West-centric debate and open a more multi-layered discursive space.
Primary Sources
- IGF Secretariat. Annual Reports of Bosnia IGF.
- Bosnia IGF 2019 Sarajevo Conference Materials.
- Japan IGF Support Organization. https://japanigf.jp/
- Nakazawa Yuki Blog. https://nkzw.jp/category/igf/
Secondary Sources (Philosophy)
- Works of Nancy Fraser (representative texts of Critical Theory / Feminism)
*This piece belongs to the academic essays (philosophy series). The author's views do not necessarily represent those of any institutional affiliation. Feedback and critique are welcome.*
更新履歴
第1稿投稿 2026年5月30日 18時34分（記事コンテンツアップ）
— 中澤祐樹
