This essay applies the conceptual framework of the Philosophy of Technology / Phenomenology — most prominently associated with Bernard Stiegler — to re-read the Youth AprIGF 2021 Virtual conference. Target audience: researchers, doctoral students, policy analysts, and executives.
Introduction: The Problem
Stiegler argued that technology is always pharmakon — both poison and remedy. Discussion of COVID at Youth AprIGF engages how to socially calibrate technology's pharmakon character.
This essay argues that the multistakeholder process of Youth AprIGF becomes intelligible in its specificity only through the concept of Pharmakon (both poison and remedy), and that the concept itself undergoes transformation under the new material of digital space. Describing this mutual transformation is the task of this essay.
Critique of the attention economy
The structure by which the attention of Indonesia's youth is exploited by the platform economy is precisely what Stiegler criticized as the "attention economy." Countermeasures discussed at 2021 contain the possibility of transition to a "contributory economy."
Each session's agenda-setting can be read as a contemporary restaging of the Bernard Stiegler-type problematic.
The Youth IGF practically raises the philosophical problematic of intergenerational justice.
Transition to contributory economy
Bernard Stiegler's concepts are not confined to abstract philosophical discussion; they apply to the concrete agenda items debated at the 2021 conference. We examine that application below.
1. Application to "COVID"
Discussion of "COVID" can be positioned, from the perspective of Bernard Stiegler's Pharmakon (both poison and remedy), as a central problematic. In Indonesia's context, the three layers of regulatory design, social implementation, and citizen participation around COVID are particularly at stake.
2. Application to "アジア若者"
Discussion of "アジア若者" can be positioned, from the perspective of Bernard Stiegler's Pharmakon (both poison and remedy), as a derivative problematic. In Indonesia's context, the three layers of regulatory design, social implementation, and citizen participation around アジア若者 are particularly at stake.
3. Application to "遠隔学習"
Discussion of "遠隔学習" can be positioned, from the perspective of Bernard Stiegler's Pharmakon (both poison and remedy), as a peripheral yet important problematic. In Indonesia's context, the three layers of regulatory design, social implementation, and citizen participation around 遠隔学習 are particularly at stake.
4. Application to "若者育成"
Discussion of "若者育成" can be positioned, from the perspective of Bernard Stiegler's Pharmakon (both poison and remedy), as a peripheral yet important problematic. In Indonesia's context, the three layers of regulatory design, social implementation, and citizen participation around 若者育成 are particularly at stake.
5. Application to "メンタルヘルス"
Discussion of "メンタルヘルス" can be positioned, from the perspective of Bernard Stiegler's Pharmakon (both poison and remedy), as a peripheral yet important problematic. In Indonesia's context, the three layers of regulatory design, social implementation, and citizen participation around メンタルヘルス are particularly at stake.
Implications for Executives and Practitioners
The philosophical reflection of this essay is not merely academic. The Bernard Stiegler perspective carries three practical implications for executives operating in Indonesia.
First, it raises the reflexive question of how the firm's business model connects to the logic of Pharmakon (both poison and remedy). Second, in dialogue with regulators and civil society, it suggests dimensions of consensus formation that purely technical arguments cannot reach. Third, it indicates that the long-term ground of business legitimacy lies not so much in technical advantage or market share as in participation in such philosophical-normative debates.
Academic Positioning and Future Research
The argument of this essay attempts to graft a philosophical perspective onto the mainstream political-science and legal approaches to internet governance research. Three future research questions follow.
- Verification of the applicability of Bernard Stiegler's framework to other IGF conferences
- Comparative contrast between Philosophy of Technology / Phenomenology and other theoretical traditions
- Exploration of dialogue possibilities with the indigenous intellectual traditions of Indonesia
In particular, the third point has the potential to liberate IGF research from West-centric debate and open a more multi-layered discursive space.
Primary Sources
- IGF Secretariat. Annual Reports of Youth AprIGF.
- Youth AprIGF 2021 Virtual Conference Materials.
- Nakazawa Yuki Blog. https://nkzw.jp/category/igf/
Secondary Sources (Philosophy)
- Works of Bernard Stiegler (representative texts of Philosophy of Technology / Phenomenology)
*This piece belongs to the academic essays (philosophy series). The author's views do not necessarily represent those of any institutional affiliation. Feedback and critique are welcome.*
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第1稿投稿 2026年7月6日 8時18分（記事コンテンツアップ）
— 中澤祐樹
