This essay applies the conceptual framework of the Classical Chinese Philosophy — most prominently associated with Confucius — to re-read the Global IGF 2007 Rio de Janeiro conference. Target audience: researchers, doctoral students, policy analysts, and executives.
Introduction: The Problem
Confucius's rectification of names taught that misalignment of name and reality is the root of social disorder. アクセス debated at Global IGF also involves aligning names (categories) and realities.
This essay argues that the multistakeholder process of Global IGF becomes intelligible in its specificity only through the concept of Rectification of names and ritual propriety, and that the concept itself undergoes transformation under the new material of digital space. Describing this mutual transformation is the task of this essay.
Digital rectification of names
Without rectifying terms like "multistakeholder," "user," and "data," international consensus lacks substance. In Brazil's context, Confucian heritage of ritual propriety grounds the formation of digital protocol etiquette.
The conference theme "Internet Governance for Development" carries implications beyond a mere policy slogan. It can be positioned as a contemporary reformulation, in digital-era vocabulary, of the kinds of questions Confucius problematized.
The form of the Global IGF stands between the principle of national sovereignty and the logic of a global public realm that transcends it.
Protocol as ritual
Confucius's concepts are not confined to abstract philosophical discussion; they apply to the concrete agenda items debated at the 2007 conference. We examine that application below.
1. Application to "アクセス"
Discussion of "アクセス" can be positioned, from the perspective of Confucius's Rectification of names and ritual propriety, as a central problematic. In Brazil's context, the three layers of regulatory design, social implementation, and citizen participation around アクセス are particularly at stake.
2. Application to "重要なインターネット資源"
Discussion of "重要なインターネット資源" can be positioned, from the perspective of Confucius's Rectification of names and ritual propriety, as a derivative problematic. In Brazil's context, the three layers of regulatory design, social implementation, and citizen participation around 重要なインターネット資源 are particularly at stake.
3. Application to "多様性"
Discussion of "多様性" can be positioned, from the perspective of Confucius's Rectification of names and ritual propriety, as a peripheral yet important problematic. In Brazil's context, the three layers of regulatory design, social implementation, and citizen participation around 多様性 are particularly at stake.
4. Application to "開放性"
Discussion of "開放性" can be positioned, from the perspective of Confucius's Rectification of names and ritual propriety, as a peripheral yet important problematic. In Brazil's context, the three layers of regulatory design, social implementation, and citizen participation around 開放性 are particularly at stake.
5. Application to "セキュリティ"
Discussion of "セキュリティ" can be positioned, from the perspective of Confucius's Rectification of names and ritual propriety, as a peripheral yet important problematic. In Brazil's context, the three layers of regulatory design, social implementation, and citizen participation around セキュリティ are particularly at stake.
Implications for Executives and Practitioners
The philosophical reflection of this essay is not merely academic. The Confucius perspective carries three practical implications for executives operating in Brazil.
First, it raises the reflexive question of how the firm's business model connects to the logic of Rectification of names and ritual propriety. Second, in dialogue with regulators and civil society, it suggests dimensions of consensus formation that purely technical arguments cannot reach. Third, it indicates that the long-term ground of business legitimacy lies not so much in technical advantage or market share as in participation in such philosophical-normative debates.
Academic Positioning and Future Research
The argument of this essay attempts to graft a philosophical perspective onto the mainstream political-science and legal approaches to internet governance research. Three future research questions follow.
- Verification of the applicability of Confucius's framework to other IGF conferences
- Comparative contrast between Classical Chinese Philosophy and other theoretical traditions
- Exploration of dialogue possibilities with the indigenous intellectual traditions of Brazil
In particular, the third point has the potential to liberate IGF research from West-centric debate and open a more multi-layered discursive space.
Primary Sources
- IGF Secretariat. Annual Reports of Global IGF.
- Global IGF 2007 Rio de Janeiro Conference Materials.
- Nakazawa Yuki Blog. https://nkzw.jp/category/igf/
Secondary Sources (Philosophy)
- Works of Confucius (representative texts of Classical Chinese Philosophy)
*This piece belongs to the academic essays (philosophy series). The author's views do not necessarily represent those of any institutional affiliation. Feedback and critique are welcome.*
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第1稿投稿 2026年7月13日 12時06分（記事コンテンツアップ）
— 中澤祐樹
